In this report we look into the production pathways of the majorly produced fertilisers in India – Urea, DAP, and Complex Fertilisers (NPK). We then delve into the sustainable fertiliser production routes. Two categories of production leading to low-carbon fertilisers, and renewable fertilisers are examined. Further, as Urea is the most produced fertiliser in India with over 60 percent of share in total fertiliser production, we look into the possible pathways of green urea
production. The key component being the source of carbon-dioxide (CO2), ‘Green’ urea is thus dependent on the source of non-fossil based CO2, and can be derived primarily via two routes – Biomass, and Direct Air Carbon Capture (DAC).